In recent centuries and decades, rapid human population growth and development have pumped huge carbon emissions into the earth\'s atmosphere. Unfortunately, this inevitably leads to global warming as well as the lowering of seawater pH (ocean acidification). Consequences include rising sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea levels, shifting ocean current patterns, changing patterns of precipitation and drought, nutrient loads and run-off, and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. All these factors can potentially disturb the biological processes of marine organisms, from genetic to species levels, groups of animals to large scale marine ecosystems, eventually affecting fishermen and millions of people in coastal communities. Critical coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves will also be impacted, some severely, especially by SST and ocean acidification. Clearly, we should strive to find ways to mitigate climate change through promoting carbon sequestration, not only on the land (forests, green carbon), but also in coastal areas, especially mangrove and seagrass (blue carbon) ecosystems. However this challenge will become even more dilemmatic should climate change and ocean acidification a