Livelihoods of smallholders are anchored geographically within shared landscapes and economically within even larger systems.  Yet the project approach to agricultural development still, of necessity, draws narrow boundaries in terms of space (farmers field), time (project life), and economic ”sector” (rural vs urban).  Recently however IFAD, with partners, has been first piloting then rolling out large integrated approach programs, the logic and examples from which will be highlighted in this presentation.  More details will also be provided on an exciting ongoing project in Kenya which employs this approach.